Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Girijavallabhan, C P; George, N A; Paul, T; Sebastian,M T(Journal of Materials Science Letters,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000)
Girijavallabhan, C P; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; George, N A; Paul, T; Sebastian,M T(Journal of Materials Science Letters,Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2000)
Thomas, Kuruvilla; Nandakumaran, V M(Indian Academy of Sciences, March , 2000)
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Abstract:
The effect of coupling two chaotic Nd:YAG lasers with intracavity KTP crystal for frequency doubling is numerically studied for the case of the laser operating in three longitudinal modes. It is seen that the system goes from chaotic to periodic and then to steady state as the coupling constant is increased. The intensity time series and phase diagrams are drawn and the Lyapunov characteristic exponent is calculated to characterize the chaotic and periodic regions.
Girijavallabhan, C P; Radhakrishnan, P; V P N Nampoori; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics, October 13, 2000)
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Abstract:
We report on a laser induced photoacoustic study of the nematic-to-isotropic
transition in certain commercial nematic liquid crystal mixtures, namely BL001, BL002,
BL032 and BL035. A simple analysis of the experimental data using the
Rosencwaig–Gersho theory shows that the heat capacities of all these compounds exhibit a
sharp peak as the temperature of the sample is varied across the transition region. Also,
substantial differences in the photoacoustic signal amplitudes in nematic and isotropic phases
have been noticed for all the mixtures. The increased light scattering property of the nematic
phase may be the reason for the enhanced photoacoustic signal amplitude in this phase.
Nampoori, V P N; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics, October 13, 2000)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
We report on a laser induced photoacoustic study of the nematic-to-isotropic
transition in certain commercial nematic liquid crystal mixtures, namely BL001, BL002,
BL032 and BL035. A simple analysis of the experimental data using the
Rosencwaig–Gersho theory shows that the heat capacities of all these compounds exhibit a
sharp peak as the temperature of the sample is varied across the transition region. Also,
substantial differences in the photoacoustic signal amplitudes in nematic and isotropic phases
have been noticed for all the mixtures. The increased light scattering property of the nematic
phase may be the reason for the enhanced photoacoustic signal amplitude in this phase.
Radhakrishnan, P; V P N Nampoori; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Journal of Physics D : Applied Physics, October 13, 2000)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
We report on a laser induced photoacoustic study of the nematic-to-isotropic
transition in certain commercial nematic liquid crystal mixtures, namely BL001, BL002,
BL032 and BL035. A simple analysis of the experimental data using the
Rosencwaig–Gersho theory shows that the heat capacities of all these compounds exhibit a
sharp peak as the temperature of the sample is varied across the transition region. Also,
substantial differences in the photoacoustic signal amplitudes in nematic and isotropic phases
have been noticed for all the mixtures. The increased light scattering property of the nematic
phase may be the reason for the enhanced photoacoustic signal amplitude in this phase
Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Journal of Physica: Condensed Matter, Institute of Physics Publishing, November 28, 2000)
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Abstract:
The thermal effusivity values in the isotropic phase of certain comb-shaped
polymers have been evaluated for the first time using an open photoacoustic
cell configuration. The compounds investigated have siloxane and acrylate
backbone and they carry mesogenic groups in their side chain. The results
indicate that the polymer chain length as well as the side chain length have
pronounced influence on the thermal effusivity values in liquid crystalline
polymers
Bindu, V; Nandakumaran, V M(Elsevier, December 11, 2000)
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Abstract:
Results of a numerical study of synchronisation of two directly modulated semiconductor lasers, using bi-directional coupling, are presented. The effect of stepwise increase in the coupling strength (C) on the synchronisation of the chaotic outputs of two such lasers is studied, with the help of parameter space plots, synchronisation error plots, phase diagrams and time series outputs. Numerical results indicate that as C increases, the system achieves synchronisation as well as stability together with an increase in the output power. The stability of the synchronised states is checked by applying a perturbation to the system after it becomes synchronised and then noting the time it takes to regain synchronisation. For lower values of C the system does not regain synchronisation. But, with higher values synchronisation is regained within a very short time.
Nibu, A George; Vallabhan, C P G; Nampoori, V P N; George, A K; Radhakrishnan, P(Taylor & Francis, 2001)
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Abstract:
In this paper we report the use of a laser induced phoroacoustic technique for the detection of multiple phase transitions in heptyl-oxy-cyanobiphenyl (70CB) and octyl-oxy-cyanobiphenyl (80CB) liquid crystals. The observed photoacoustic signal amplitude profile carries clear signatures of two tirst order transitions in 70CB and two tirst order and a second order transitions in 80CB. Analysis of the experimental data using Rosencwaig-Gersho theory shows that the sudden decrease in the photoacoustic (PA) signal amplitude during phase transitions is due to a sharp increase in the heat capacity of the samples near the transition temperatures.
Nibu, A George; Vallabhan, C P G; Nampoori, V P N; George, A K; Radhakrishnan, P(Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2001)
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Abstract:
We report the use of an open photoacoustic cell configuration
for the evaluation of thermal effusivity of liquid crystals. Initially, the
method is calibrated using water and glycerol as transparent liquid
samples, and the role of thermal conductivity of these liquids on the
photoacoustic signal amplitude is discussed. To demonstrate the application
of the present method for the evaluation of thermal effusivity of
liquid crystals, we have used certain multicomponent nematic liquid crystal
mixtures, namely BL001, BL002, BL032, and BL035. Each of these
liquid crystal mixtures contains four to nine components and are primarily
based on the cyanobiphenyl structure. The measured values of thermal
effusivity of BL001 and BL002 were found to be almost the same, but
differ from those of BL032 and BL035, which implies a difference in
composition of the latter two from the former two mixtures.
Kumar, G A; Thomas, J; Unnikrishnan, N V; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(Elsevier, 2001)
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Abstract:
Optical absorption and emission spectral studies of various phthalocyanine molecules, viz., LaPc, NdPc, SmPc, EuPc, CuPc and ZnPc in a polymer matrix of cyano acrylate are reported for the first time. All the absorption spectra show an intense B band (Soret) in the UV region followed by a weaker Q band in the visible region. The positions of the Q and B bands are found to have dependence on the metallic substitution. Values of the important spectral parameters, viz., molar extinction coefficient (ϵ), oscillator strength (f), radiative transition rate and decay time of the excited singlet state are also presented and compared with other solid matrices. The recorded fluorescence spectrum shows two broad emission bands in the case of NdPc, whereas for ZnPc only a very weak band is observed. The absence of emission bands for the other metallated phthalocyanines is attributed to increased spin orbit interaction and intersystem crossing.
Thomas Lee, S; Jose, Gin; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G; Unnikrishnan, N V; Radhakrishnan, P(IOP Publishing, 2001)
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Abstract:
The fabrication and characterization of a fibre optic pH sensor based on
evanescent wave absorption is presented. The unclad portion of a
multi-mode optical fibre is coated with a pH sensitive dye, which is
immobilized by the sol–gel route. The sensitivity of the device has been
found to increase when multiple sol–gel coatings are used as the sensing
region. The dynamic range and the temporal response of the sensor are
investigated for two different dyes, namely bromocresol purple and
bromocresol green. The performance of the device is evaluated in terms of
the results obtained during actual measurements.
Sajan, D George; Achamma, Kurian; Martin, Lase; Nampoori, V P N; Vallabhan, C P G(SPIE, 2001)
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Abstract:
An open cell photoacoustic configuration has been employed to evaluate the thermal diffusivity of pure InP as well as InP doped with sulphur and iron. Chopped optical radiation at 488 nm from an Ar-ion laser has been used to excite photoacoustic signals which been detected by a sensitive electret microphone. Thermal diffusivity value have been calculated from phase versus chopping frequency plots. Doped sample are found to show a reduced value for thermal diffusivity in comparison with intrinsically pure sample. The results have been interpreted in terms of the mechanisms of heat generation and transmission in semiconductors.
V P N Nampoori; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics, June 18, 2001)
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Abstract:
In this paper, we describe the use of an open cell
photoacoustic configuration for the evaluation of the thermal
effusivity of liquid crystals. The feasibility, precision and reliability
of the method are initially established by measuring
the thermal effusivities of water and glycerol, for which the
effusivity values are known accurately. In order to demonstrate
the use of the present method in the thermal characterization
of liquid crystals, we have measured the thermal
effusivity values in various mesophases of 4-cyano-4 -
octyloxybiphenyl (8OCB) and 4-cyano-4 -heptyloxybiphenyl
(7OCB) liquid crystals using a variable temperature open
photoacoustic cell. A comparison of the measured values for
the two liquid crystals shows that the thermal effusivities of
7OCB in the nematic and isotropic phases are slightly less
than those of 8OCB in the corresponding phases
Girijavallabhan, C P; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Thomas Lee, S; Jose, Gin; Unnikrishnan, N V(Journal of Optics A : Pure and Applied Optics, July 12, 2001)
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Abstract:
The fabrication and characterization of a fibre optic pH sensor based on
evanescent wave absorption is presented. The unclad portion of a
multi-mode optical fibre is coated with a pH sensitive dye, which is
immobilized by the sol–gel route. The sensitivity of the device has been
found to increase when multiple sol–gel coatings are used as the sensing
region. The dynamic range and the temporal response of the sensor are
investigated for two different dyes, namely bromocresol purple and
bromocresol green. The performance of the device is evaluated in terms of
the results obtained during actual measurements
V P N Nampoori; Radhakrishnan, P; Girijavallabhan, C P; Thomas Lee, S; Jose, Gin; Unnikrishnan, N V(Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, July 12, 2001)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
The fabrication and characterization of a fibre optic pH sensor based on
evanescent wave absorption is presented. The unclad portion of a
multi-mode optical fibre is coated with a pH sensitive dye, which is
immobilized by the sol–gel route. The sensitivity of the device has been
found to increase when multiple sol–gel coatings are used as the sensing
region. The dynamic range and the temporal response of the sensor are
investigated for two different dyes, namely bromocresol purple and
bromocresol green. The performance of the device is evaluated in terms of
the results obtained during actual measurements.
Radhakrishnan, P; V P N Nampoori; Girijavallabhan, C P; Thomas Lee, S; Jose, Gin; Unnikrishnan, N V(Journal of Optics A: Pure and Applied Optics, July 12, 2001)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
The fabrication and characterization of a fibre optic pH sensor based on
evanescent wave absorption is presented. The unclad portion of a
multi-mode optical fibre is coated with a pH sensitive dye, which is
immobilized by the sol–gel route. The sensitivity of the device has been
found to increase when multiple sol–gel coatings are used as the sensing
region. The dynamic range and the temporal response of the sensor are
investigated for two different dyes, namely bromocresol purple and
bromocresol green. The performance of the device is evaluated in terms of
the results obtained during actual measurements
Girijavallabhan, C P; Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics, July 18, 2001)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
In this paper, we describe the use of an open cell
photoacoustic configuration for the evaluation of the thermal
effusivity of liquid crystals. The feasibility, precision and reliability
of the method are initially established by measuring
the thermal effusivities of water and glycerol, for which the
effusivity values are known accurately. In order to demonstrate
the use of the present method in the thermal characterization
of liquid crystals, we have measured the thermal
effusivity values in various mesophases of 4-cyano-4 -
octyloxybiphenyl (8OCB) and 4-cyano-4 -heptyloxybiphenyl
(7OCB) liquid crystals using a variable temperature open
photoacoustic cell. A comparison of the measured values for
the two liquid crystals shows that the thermal effusivities of
7OCB in the nematic and isotropic phases are slightly less
than those of 8OCB in the corresponding phases
Radhakrishnan, P; Nampoori, V P N; Girijavallabhan, C P; Nibu, A George; George, A K(Applied Physics B Lasers and Optics, July 18, 2001)
[+]
[-]
Abstract:
In this paper, we describe the use of an open cell
photoacoustic configuration for the evaluation of the thermal
effusivity of liquid crystals. The feasibility, precision and reliability
of the method are initially established by measuring
the thermal effusivities of water and glycerol, for which the
effusivity values are known accurately. In order to demonstrate
the use of the present method in the thermal characterization
of liquid crystals, we have measured the thermal
effusivity values in various mesophases of 4-cyano-4 -
octyloxybiphenyl (8OCB) and 4-cyano-4 -heptyloxybiphenyl
(7OCB) liquid crystals using a variable temperature open
photoacoustic cell. A comparison of the measured values for
the two liquid crystals shows that the thermal effusivities of
7OCB in the nematic and isotropic phases are slightly less
than those of 8OCB in the corresponding phases
Thomas Lee, S; Nibu, A George; Suresh, Kumar P; Radhakrishnan, P; Vallabhan, C P G; Nampoori, V P N(Optical Society of America, October 15, 2001)
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Abstract:
We propose and demonstrate the possibility of using a permanently microbent bare optical fiber for detecting
chemical species. Two detection schemes, viz., a bright-field detection scheme (for the core modes), and a
dark-field detection scheme (for the cladding modes) have been employed to produce a fiber-optic sensor. The
sensor described here is sensitive enough to detect concentrations as low as nanomoles per liter of a chemical
species, with a dynamic range of more than 6 orders of magnitude.