Madhusoodhanan,M S; Balachand,A N(Department of Physical Oceanography, Faculty of Marine Science, 2003)
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Abstract:
The present study focuses on the stability of the coast, exploitation of the coastal resources, human activities within the study are that extends from Fort Cochin at north to Thottappally at south, central Kerala State and hinterlands, socio-economic problems of the coastal community and the environmental issues arising in the recent past due to human activities. The objective of the study is critically analyse the coastal zone region and prevailing situation and to propose a comprehensive management plan for the sustainable development of the region under study. The thesis covers varied aspects of coastal uses like fisheries, tourism, land use, water resources etc. To critically examine the above scenarios, the ILWIS (Integrated Land and Water Information Systems) – GIS software has been used. A satellite image of the area has been used for the coastline change detection and land use patterns. The outcome of the present study will be beneficial to the various stakeholders within the coastal region and its hinterlands. To further add, this study should find better applications to similar or near-similar situations of Southeast Asia where identical scenarios are noticeable.
Siby,Varghese; Chandramohanakumar, N(National Institute of Oceanography & CUSAT, 2003)
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Abstract:
Rare earth elements have occupied an important role in marine geochemical research, particularly as used in the format of REE abundance patterns to describe the geochemical pathways in marine sedimentation and authigenesis. This study concentrates on the distribution pattern of Rare earth elements in the sediments, behavior of Eu and Ce with respect to their occurrence in multiple oxidation states. It also concentrate the depth wise variation of sediment REEs from near shore areas (30m) to deeper depths 200m) in the Arabian Sea. It includes the downcore variation of REEs and other trace elements in the sediment cores and a comparison between the REE distributions of Arabian Sea sediment with the sediments of Andaman Sea. The study gives a general introduction regarding the importance of RRE studies, its occurrence and abundance, electronic configuration, lanthanide contraction, oxidations states and REE supply to the ocean, seawater and sediments.
Girish,Gopinath; Seralathan,P(Department of Marine Geology and Geophysics, School of Marine Sciences, 2003)
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Abstract:
The present investigation on the Muvattupuzha river basin is an integrated approach based on hydrogeological, geophysical, hydrogeochemical parameters and the results are interpreted using satellite data. GIS also been used to combine the various spatial and non-spatial data. The salient finding of the present study are accounted below to provide a holistic picture on the groundwaters of the Muvattupuzha river basin. In the Muvattupuzha river basin the groundwaters are drawn from the weathered and fractured zones. The groundwater level fluctuations of the basin from 1992 to 2001 reveal that the water level varies between a minimum of 0.003 m and a maximum of 3.45 m. The groundwater fluctuation is affected by rainfall. Various aquifer parameters like transmissivity, storage coefficient, optimum yield, time for full recovery and specific capacity indices are analyzed. The depth to the bedrock of the basin varies widely from 1.5 to 17 mbgl. A ground water prospective map of phreatic aquifer has been prepared based on thickness of the weathered zone and low resistivity values
(<500 ohm-m) and accordingly the basin is classified in three phreatic potential zones as good, moderate and poor. The groundwater of the Muvattupuzha river basin, the pH value ranges from 5.5 to 8.1, in acidic nature. Hydrochemical facies diagram reveals that most of the samples in both the seasons fall in mixing and dissolution facies and a few in static and dynamic natures. Further study is needed on impact of dykes on the occurrence and movement of groundwater, impact of seapages from irrigation canals on the groundwater quality and resources of this basin, and influence of inter-basin transfer of surface water on groundwater.
Biji,Mathew; Dr.Rosamma,Philip(Cochin University of Science and Technology, February , 2003)
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Abstract:
This thesis Entitled Marine actinomycetes as source of antimicrobial compounds and as probiotics and single cell protein for application in penaeid peawn culture systems.
Ocean harbours more than 80% of all life on earth and remains our greatest untapped natural resource. The study revealed the potential of marine actinomycetes as a source of antimicrobial compounds. The selected streptomycetes were found to be capable of inhibiting most of the pathogenic vibrios, whichis a major problem both in hatcheries and grow out systems. The bioactive principle can be incorporated with commercial feeds and applied as medicated diet for the control of vibrios in culture systems.The hydrolytic potential inhibitory property against pathogens and non—pathogenicity to penaeid prawns make the selected Streptomycesspp.an effective probioic in aquaculture. Since there is considerably less inhibition to the natural in pond ecosystem the microbial diversityis being maintained and thereby the water quality. Actinomycetes was found to be a good source of single cell protein as an ingredient inaquaculture feed formulations. Large amount of mycelial waste (actinomycete biomassO is produced from antibiotic industries and this nutrient rich waste can be effectively used as a protein source in aquaculture feeds.This study reveals the importance of marine actinomycetes as a source of antimicrobial compounds and as a probiotic and single cell protein for aquaculture
applications.
Description:
School of Marine Science, Division of marine biology, microbiology and biochemistry,Cochin University of Science and Technology
Shaly,John; Jacob,Chacko(Department of Chemical Oceanography, March , 2003)
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Abstract:
Mangrove forests are best developed on tropical shorelines where there is an extensive intertidal zone, with an abundant supply of fine-grained sediment. It receives a mixture of liable and refractory organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds from the overlying water and the surrounding landmasses. Organic phosphorus is not available for mangrove plant nutrition. While inorganic phosphate represents the largest potential pool of plant-available and which are bound in the form of Ca, Fe and Al phosphate. It deals with the scientific investigations on mangrove systems in the Kerala coastline and to investigate nutrient distribution of mangrove ecosystems of greater Cochin area. It discusses the description of study areas such as Murikkumpadam-Vypeen Island and Aroor. Then it deals with the spatial and seasonal distribution of dissolved ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, inorganic phosphate, organic phosphate and the total phosphorus in surface waters of mangrove fringed creeks. Then it discusses the geochemical compositions of mangrove-fringed sediments and also the chemical speciation of phosphorus in sediment cores.
Velayudhan,T S; Dr.Menon,N R; Dr.Pillai, V K(Cochin University of Science and Technology, August , 2003)
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Abstract:
The present work aims to study induced maturation of the pearl
oyster for induced spawning experiments. The work on larval development
was done with a view to developing techniques for the artificial rearing of
commercially important pearl oyster P fucata, and also to elucidate the
principles and problems of tropical bivalve larvae in general for detailed
investigations in the future. The present study is designed to probe into the details of the
basic aspects of the biology related to the hatchery technology of Pinctada
fucata and the understanding of the factors which influence induction of
maturation, spawning, larval rearing and spat settlement. This would go a
long way in the upgradation of hatchery technology of the Indian Pearl oyster
Pinctada fucata fora commercial level seed production..
Description:
Dept. Of Marine Biology,Microbiology and Biochemistry,
School of Marine Sciences, Cochin University of Science and Technology
Joice, Thomas V; Dr.Madhusoodana,Kurup B(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, September , 2003)
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Abstract:
Mechanized fishing started in Indian waters in mid —fifties and large-scale
operation of trawl fishing began in the mid sixties by the surfeit of individual
entrepreneurs. The southwest coast of India especially the coastal waters of
Kerala are the most productive area in the subcontinent and the state has been
in the forefront in marine fish production (Kurup, 2001a). Though the coastline
of Kerala is one tenth of the coastline of India, the state occupies the foremost
position in the marine fish production of the country, accounting for more than
30% of the marine fish landings (Thomas, 2000). The coastal waters of Kerala
have rich and diversified fishery resources, which are prone to heavy
exploitation by a unprecedently high number of fishing gears, among them,
mechanized bottom trawlers with a numerical strength of 4550 (Kurup, 2001a)
against the permissible number of 1145 (Kalawar, et al., 1985) are the most
destructive. Trawling operations during monsoon periods in Kerala has been a
subject of controversy between traditional fishermen and trawl fishers on a
subject that trawl fishing destroys large amount of juveniles and young ones of
fishes since this period is the major breeding season of most of the fish and
prawns (John, 1996). Therefore Government of Kerala imposed a ban on
bottom trawling activities from 1988 onwards for a period varying from 21-70
days, which usually commences from June 15th. Though many studies
revealed that large amount of non-target groups were destroyed in the
commercial trawl fishing in the Indian waters, no concerted study has been
conducted so far to evaluate the real impact of bottom trawling on the sea
bottom and its living communities. The present study was conducted to assess
the impact of excessive bottom trawling exerted on the sea bottom habitat and
its living communities, which would be useful in impressing up on the
seriousness of habitat degradation and biotic devastation, enabling the
concerned to adopt relevant conservation and management steps to conserve
the resources for sustainable exploitation
Description:
School of Industrial Fisheries
Cochin University of Science and Technology
Velayudhan, Balakrishna Pillai; Dr.Narayana Das, J(Cochin University of Science And Technology, October , 2003)
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Abstract:
Rubber has become an indispensable material in Ocean technology.
Rubber components play critical roles such as sealing, damping,
environmental protection, electrical insulation etc. in most under water
engineering applications. Technology driven innovations in electro acoustic
transducers and other sophisticated end uses have enabled quantum jump
in the quality and reliability of rubber components. Under water electro
acoustic transducers use rubbers as a critical material in their construction.
Work in this field has lead to highly reliable and high performance
materials which has enhanced service life of transducers to the extent of 1015
years. Present work concentrates on these materials. Conventional
rubbers are inadequate to meet many of the stringent functional of the
requirements. There exists large gap of information in the rubber
technology of under water rubbers, particularly in the context of under
water electro acoustic transducers. Present study is towards filling up the
gaps of information in this crucial area. The research work has been in the area of compounding and characterisation of rubbers for use in under water electro acoustic transducers. The study also covers specific material system such as
encapsulation material, baffle material, seal material, etc. Life prediction
techniques of under water rubbers in general has been established with
reference to more than one functional property. This thesis is divided into 6 chapters.
Description:
School of marine sciences, Cochin University of Science And Technology
Jehosheba, P Mathews; Dr. Babu, Philip(Cochin University Of Science And Technology, November , 2003)
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Abstract:
The present work is a base—|ine attempt to investigate and assess
the toxicity of water-accommodated fractions (WAF) of Bombay High crude
oil. The experimental animal selected for the present study is a euryhaline
teleost, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), adapted to fresh water. The fish
has been selected on account of its economic valve, abundant availability,
experimental feasibility, ease of rearing and maintenance and also because it
is one of the commonly cultured species in the South-East Asian countries.
Description:
Department of
Marine Biology, Microbiology and Biochemistry, Cochin University of
Science and Technology
Charlotte,B V; P G Kurup(Department of Physical Oceanography, School of Marine Sciences, 2004)
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Abstract:
The study is undertaken with an objective to investigate the linkage between air-sea fluxes in the Indian Ocean and monsoon forcing. Since the monsoon activity is linked to fluxes, the variability of surface marine meteorological fields under the variable monsoon conditions is also studied. The very objective of the present study is to document various sea surface parameters of the Indian Ocean and to examine the anomalies found in them. Hence it is attempted to relate the anomaly to the variability of monsoon over India, highlighting the occasion of contrasting monsoon periods. The analysis of anomalies of surface meteorological fields such as SST, wind speed and direction, sea level pressure and cloud cover for contrasting monsoons are also studied. During good monsoon years, the pressure anomalies are negative indicating a fall in SLP during pre-monsoon and monsoon months. The interaction of the marine atmosphere with tropical Indian Ocean and its influence on ISMR continue to be an area of active research.
John Chellappan, N; Ramachandran, A(School of Industrial Fisheries, 2004)
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Abstract:
In this study the quality and process control factors during the production and storage of salted dried fish products. The study reveals that quantity of dry fish production in the state is decreasing and dry fish processing industry should be encouraged by central and state governments. The dry and wet salting may be carried out to a period of 4 to 8 hours respectively and time may depend on temperature, size, and concentration of medium. Demand is an unavoidable factor for sale of fish. The packed dry salted lots kept at room temperature are useful only for 20 days. The refrigerator- stored lots had more storage life and nutritional content are good up to 3 months. The cold storage stored dry salted lot had more storage life than the wet salted lot. The use of preservatives in salting is encouraged to reduce pH. The low temperature preservation maintains the nutritional value and quality for long period. It further encourages the labeling of nutritional value of dry fish as in tinned products.
The world demand for fish and fishery products is increasing steadily and it is
generally accepted that it will not be possible to meet the heavy demand with resources
exploited from capture fishery alone. Now aquaculture is well established and fastdeveloping
industry in many countries and is a major focus sector for development.
During recent decades, aquaculture has gained momentum, throughout the world
especially in developing countries. According to Food and Agricultural Oganisation
(FAO, 2000), global aquaculture production was 26.38 tones in 1996 have reached
32.9 million tonnes during 1999. Only marine aquaculture sector has contributed 13.1
million tonnes during 1999.India is a major fish producing country. About one half of lndia’s brackish
water lands are currently being utilized for farming in order to reduce the gap between
supply and demand for fish. Aquaculture has become a major source of livelihood for
people and its role in integrated rural development, generation of employment and
earning foreign exchange, thereby alleviating poverty is being greatly appreciated
around the world.Among the infectious agents, bacteria are becoming the prime causal
organisms for diseases in food fishes and other marine animals. Sindermann, (1970)
reported that bacterial fish pathogen most commonly found among marine fishes is
species of Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Mycobacterium. These can be categorized into
primary pathogens; secondary invaders that may cause systemic disease in
immunocompromised hosts; and normal marine flora which are not pathogenic but
may occur on body surfaces or even within the tissues of the host. I-Iigh density of
animals in hatchery tanks and ponds is conducive to the spread of pathogen and the
aquatic environment with regular application of protein rich feed, is ideal for culturing
bacteria. Bacteria, which are normally present in seawater or on the surface of fish, can
invade and cause pathological effects in fishes, which are injured or subjected to other
environmental stresses.Mycobacteria except parasites are known as nontuberculosis mycobacteria
(NTM), atypical mycobacteria or mycobacteria other than tuberculosis(MO'l'l"). This
group of mycobacteria includes opportunistic pathogens and saprophytes.
Environmental mycobacteria are ubiquitous in distribution and the sources may
include soil, water, warm-blooded as well as cold-blooded animals. Disease caused by
environmental mycobacterial strains in susceptible humans (Goslee & Wolinsky,
1976; Grange, 1987), animals and fishes are increasingly attracting attention. Greatest
importance of environmental mycobacteria is believed to be their role in
immunological priming of humans and animals, thereby modifying their immune
responses to subsequent exposure to pathogenic species.
Nimmi,R Nair; Dr.Basil, Mathew; Dr.Mohan Kumar, K(Naval Physical and Oceanographic Laboratory, January , 2004)
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Abstract:
The objective of the present study is to understand the spatial and temporal variability of sea surface temperature(SST), precipitable water, zonal and meridional components of wind stress over the tropical Indian Ocean to understand the different scales of variability of these features of Indian Ocean. Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and wavelet analysis techniques are utilized to understand the standing oscillations and multi scale oscillations respectively. The study has been carried out over Indian Ocean and South Indian Ocean. For the present study, NCEP/NCAR(National Center for Environmental Prediction National Center for Atmospheric Research) reanalyzed daily fields of sea surface temperature, zonal and meridional surface wind components and precipitable water amount during 1960-1998 are used. The principle of EOF analysis and
the methodology used for the analysis of spatial and temporal variance modes.